4-methyl-6-phenyl-2H-pyranone is derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and improves mitochondrial functionality to protect astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity.

Methyl blue is a triaminotriphenylmethane dye. It is used as an antiseptic dye in the polychrome staining method and has applications in histological and microbiological staining solutions.

Antennapedia Peptide TFA is a 16 amino acid peptide (RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK). The DNA binding domain of the Drosophila transcription factor (Antennapedia), a 60 amino acid protein, is rapidly taken up by cells and has been fused to selected antigens to enhance their immunogenicity. A 16 amino acid peptide Antennapedia Peptide TFA from Antennapedia can facilitate the cytoplasmic uptake of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope 9-mer peptides.